In the CheckMate 238 study, patients with resected stage IIIB-C or IV melanoma treated with nivolumab were followed for nearly 9 years. Median recurrence-free survival was 61.1 months with nivolumab versus 24.2 months with ipilimumab, with a 9-year recurrence-free survival of 44% vs. 37%. In stage III patients, the median survival time without distant metastases was more than 9 years with nivolumab and 83.8 months with ipilimumab, with a 9-year survival of 54% vs. 48%. Overall survival was greater than 9 years in both groups, with 9-year survival rates of 69% for nivolumab and 65% for ipilimumab. Melanoma death rates at 9 years were 26% with nivolumab and 30% with ipilimumab. Fewer nivolumab-treated patients required subsequent systemic therapy (37.3% vs. 44.6%). No new delayed adverse effects were reported[1].