The study compared the effects of a low-fat vegan diet and a Mediterranean diet on weight loss in 62 overweight adults over 16 weeks. Participants on the vegan diet lost an average of 6 kilograms more weight than those on the Mediterranean diet, while physical activity and caloric intake were not restricted[1][2][3]. The vegan diet excluded animal products, oils and nuts, but also included refined grains and potatoes, which are considered less healthy plant foods[2][3]. In addition to greater weight loss, the vegan diet improved insulin sensitivity and lowered cholesterol levels[3]. The study also showed a significant 73% reduction in harmful advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are associated with chronic diseases[1]. The Mediterranean diet included fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, low-fat dairy products and extra virgin olive oil[1][3]. The vegan diet also has a lower ecological footprint, reducing CO₂ emissions by up to 46% compared to the Mediterranean diet[5]. The results suggest that a low-fat vegan diet may be more effective in weight loss and improving metabolic indices than the Mediterranean diet.