The study examined the relationship between carotenoid concentrations in the blood and the risk of the most common eye diseases in people aged 50 and over. The results showed that higher serum carotenoid levels were associated with a lower risk of cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The lowest risk of cataract was seen in people with the highest levels of α-carotene (OR: 0.37), β-carotene (OR: 0.57), lutein/zeaxanthin (OR: 0.45) and total carotenoids (OR: 0.35). For diabetic retinopathies, the lowest risk was in people with the highest β-carotene (OR: 0.30) and β-cryptoxanthin (OR: 0.28). The risk of age-related macular degeneration was lowest in people with the highest lycopene (OR: 0.37). In women, the lowest risk of any eye disease was observed at the highest levels of α-carotene (OR: 0.16), β-carotene (OR: 0.40), lycopene (OR: 0.087), lutein/zeaxanthin (OR: 0.45) and total carotenoids (OR: 0.41). No significant associations were found in men. The study showed that higher serum carotenoid concentrations were associated with a lower risk of age-related eye disease, especially in women.