The study compared the efficacy of two aflibercept regimens – treat-and-extend (TAE) and pro re nata (PRN) – in the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO-ME). 62 patients were included in the retrospective analysis, of which 32 were treated with the TAE regimen and 30 with the PRN regimen. After 12 months of treatment, a significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was found in both groups, with the TAE group achieving better results (82.1 ± 6.1 letters) versus PRN (78.1 ± 2.8 letters; p < 0.05). Central retinal thickness (CRT) was significantly reduced in both groups, with the TAE group having a lower CRT (249.9 ± 30.7 μm) compared to PRN (302.4 ± 41.1 μm; p < 0.05). The mean number of visits was lower in the TAE group (8.6) versus PRN (11.5; p < 0.01), and the number of injections was also slightly lower in TAE (7.6) versus PRN (8.1; p < 0.05). The results indicate that the TAE regimen is more effective and at the same time more gentle in terms of the number of visits and injections in the treatment of macular edema after BRVO.