Human biology evolved in a natural environment where movement, short bursts of stress and natural conditions were common, but not the constant pressure of modern life. The modern industrial environment overstimulates our stress systems, leading to impaired health and reproduction. This discrepancy between the evolutionary adaptation of man and the current lifestyle is manifested, for example, by the global decline in fertility and the increased incidence of chronic inflammatory diseases. Researches emphasize the need for cultural and environmental changes, especially urban planning with an emphasis on nature, to mitigate the negative impacts of modern life on human health. Such an approach could help restore the balance between man and his natural environment. Evidence shows that without these changes, both population health and reproductive capacity will continue to be at risk. The researchers therefore recommend redesigning the environment to better accommodate human evolutionary biology.