The study examined the time trend and factors affecting cesarean sections (C-sections) and their impact on subsequent pregnancies in Hubei Province, China, from 2011 to 2019. It found that cesarean rates increased significantly among unmarried women with high education, with an annual percentage change of up to 9.8%. Major factors associated with a higher risk of cesarean section included previous cesarean section, fetal breech presentation, abnormal placentation, oligohydramnios, and macrosomia. In women with twins, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increased the risk of caesarean section. A previous caesarean section was also associated with a higher likelihood of gestational diabetes in a subsequent pregnancy, both in singleton and twin pregnancies. In addition, women with a previous caesarean section were up to 3.41 times more likely to have a repeat caesarean section. The results show an increasing trend of cesarean sections among women with a higher socioeconomic status and the importance of the influence of previous cesarean sections on future pregnancies.