The study investigated the effect of short-term administration of dapagliflozin (median 3 days, mean 3.56 ± 1.62 days) on contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in 354 patients with type 2 diabetes and renal insufficiency undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), with 183 patients in the dapagliflozin group and the rest in the control group. The incidence of CI-AKI was higher in the dapagliflozin group (14.2%) versus the control group (7.0%; χ² = 4.769, p = 0.029). Logistic regression analysis confirmed an increased risk of CI-AKI with short-term administration of dapagliflozin (OR = 2.308, 95% CI: 1.002–5.314, p = 0.049). During the 3-month follow-up, there was no difference in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) between the groups (Log-rank χ² = 0.851, p = 0.356). Cox regression analysis showed that CI-AKI worsened short-term prognosis (HR = 3.025, 95% CI: 1.246–7.343, p = 0.014), whereas dapagliflozin did not improve prognosis (HR = 2.04, 95% CI: 0.967–1.084, p = 0.415). The conclusion of the study states that short-term administration of dapagliflozin for less than 2 weeks may increase the risk of CI-AKI in these patients and it is recommended to avoid its initiation before PCI in high-risk patients.