Prostate cancer represents a major clinical challenge and is responsible for a significant proportion of cancer deaths worldwide[1][3]. Over the past 5 years, there has been a major transformation of the therapeutic environment that has improved patient outcomes[1][2]. The seminar examines the pathology, diagnostic strategies and treatment options of this disease[3][5]. In patients with indolent prostate cancer, active surveillance is the preferred option[6]. For patients requiring treatment, topical therapies provide effective cancer control[2][4]. Every 80 seconds, one man dies from prostate cancer, and by 2040 the number of affected is expected to double to 2.9 million[1]. In Slovakia, approximately 2,400–2,800 new cases are diagnosed annually and around 600–700 men die[1][7]. Early diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment[2][5].