Machine learning of immune-related laboratory indicators enables discrimination between pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis

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Source: Frontiers Medicine

Original: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1712073...

Published: 2025-12-16T00:00:00Z

The study analyzed 1,580 tuberculosis patients to distinguish pulmonary tuberculosis from extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) using machine learning. They selected seven routine blood markers (BASO, HB, MCHC, MCV, MPV, RBC, RDW-CV), one cytokine IL-6 and three lymphocyte indices (CD4+ T cells, CD4+/CD8+ T cells, CD8+ T cells). They used nine machine learning algorithms to construct predictive models. The best was the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) model with an AUC of 0.846, a sensitivity of 0.769 and a specificity of 0.786. The most important markers were CD4+ T cells, HB and MPV. A model based on routine laboratory tests helps in the early diagnosis of EPTB.