A meta-analysis of the effects of multimodal intervention measures on the recovery of postpartum women after cesarean section

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Source: Frontiers Medicine

Original: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1690139...

Published: 2025-12-17T00:00:00Z

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of multimodal intervention packages (comprising at least 2 domains, e.g., opioid-sparing analgesia, early mobilization, early oral intake/feeding, breastfeeding support, structured nursing, or psychological education) on women's recovery after caesarean section compared with routine care[1]. The analysis included 12 randomized controlled trials with a total of 1,497 participants, all of which were from China[1]. Multimodal care reduced pain intensity at 24 hours by a mean of 0.96 on a 0–10 VAS (95% CI −1.28 to −0.64; I2 = 97%)[1]. The packs also reduced time to first walk (MD −4.58 h; 95% CI −6.32 to −2.28 h; I2 = 97%) and improved gastrointestinal recovery (time to first flatulence MD −2.57 to −1.98 h; I2 = 97%) according to reported results[1]. The overall risk of an adverse event was lower with multimodal interventions (RR 0.28; 95% CI 0.19–0.41; I2 = 0%)[1]. No significant difference was found in time to first breastfeeding (MD 1.39 h; 95% CI −3.86 to 6.64; I2 = 99%; p = 0.60)[1]. The authors reported that the risk of bias was mostly moderate to high (mainly due to limited blinding) and that heterogeneity in the composition and implementation of the packages and the fact that all studies came from one country limit the certainty and generalizability of the evidence[1].