Exosomes are extracellular vesicles approximately 30–150 nm in size that carry proteins, lipids, and RNA and serve as intercellular messengers in cell-to-cell communication.[1] In T2DM, exosomes are implicated in the regulation of key pathophysiological processes, including insulin signaling, inflammation, cell apoptosis, and angiogenesis, through the content of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins.[1] Exosomes from various cells can influence insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function by transmitting molecular signals that modulate signaling pathways associated with glucose metabolism.[1] The low immunogenicity of exosomes and their ability to penetrate tissues make them potentially suitable carriers of diagnostic markers and targeted therapy.[1] A review gathers evidence that exosomes can alleviate complications of T2DM by modulating inflammatory responses, reducing apoptosis, and promoting reparative processes in damaged tissues.[1] The authors suggest that mapping specific exosomal miRNAs and proteins provides a theoretical basis for their development as new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in T2DM.[1]