The WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies entered into force on 15 September 2025 after ratification by two-thirds of member states. Prohibits subsidies contributing to illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing, overfishing and high seas fishing not managed by regional organizations (RFMOs). Member States must immediately inform the Committee on Fisheries Subsidies of their RFMOs, areas, species, measures and stock status. They have until September 2026 to announce national laws and regulations to implement the agreement. The agreement contains a four-year "sunset clause" that requires the adoption of additional rules (Fish 2) against subsidies increasing capacity and overfishing by September 2029, or it will expire. Globally, the volume of harmful fishing subsidies is estimated at USD 22 billion per year. According to the FAO, 35% of fish stocks were overfished in 2021.[6][1][2][3][4][5]