Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) is a medical technique that helps modify the composition of the intestinal microbiome towards eubiosis, i.e. a healthy state of microorganisms in the digestive tract[2]. This procedure was first described at the end of the last century and has since become the subject of intensive scientific research[2]. The editorial article represents the second volume of a collection dedicated to FMT applications in the treatment of various diseases[1]. The aim of this publication is to improve the understanding of how the modification of the gut microbiome can contribute to the treatment and prevention of diseases[1]. The article emphasizes the growing potential of this technique in modern medicine and its application in clinical practice[2].