The study examined retinal and choroidal changes in the macular region of 136 myopic children and adolescents aged 4–17 years using the advanced imaging technique ssOCTA. The researchers found that as the axial length of the eye increases (the longer the eye, the greater myopia), the density of the deep vessels of the retina and the volume of the choroid in the majority of the macula decrease significantly. Retinal and choroidal thickness also decreased with longer axial length in most regions studied. The largest changes were observed in the perifoveal nasal region, while the foveal region (center of the macula) showed smaller changes. Superficial retinal vessels and choroidal flow showed no significant association with axial length. The results suggest that eye elongation in young myopic people causes specific microvascular and structural changes that can be detected using modern imaging.