A cohort study compared patients after bariatric surgery and patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists over 2 years. Both groups achieved a reduction in fat mass, but bariatric surgery resulted in a more favorable body composition. After 24 months, the operated patients had greater fat loss with better preservation of muscle mass compared to the group on GLP-1 drugs. The study monitored changes in body weight and the proportion of fat and fat-free (mainly muscle) mass. The results indicated that there was a relatively greater loss of muscle mass with GLP-1 drugs than after bariatric surgery for a comparable overall weight loss. The authors emphasized the importance of assessing not only total weight, but also body composition when assessing the effectiveness of obesity treatment. According to the study, bariatric surgery resulted in overall more favorable changes in body composition over a two-year horizon than pharmacological treatment with GLP-1 agonists.