The study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 randomized controlled trials comparing intraocular anti-VEGF monotherapy with steroid monotherapy or the combination of anti-VEGF + steroid in macular edema after retinal vein occlusion. In 13 studies, anti-VEGF monotherapy had a significantly better effect on reducing central macular thickness (mean difference -43.21 μm; 95% CI -76.82 to -9.60; p = 0.01). Seven studies measured visual acuity in ETDRS letters, and the pooled result showed a better improvement with anti-VEGF monotherapy (mean difference 5.72 letters; 95% CI 1.82 to 9.61; p = 0.004). Ten studies used logMAR; here, there was no significant advantage of anti-VEGF monotherapy over combination or steroid therapy (mean difference 0.01; 95% CI -0.09 to 0.12; p = 0.80). Eight types of adverse events were analyzed, including cataract, increased intraocular pressure, ocular hypertension, and decreased visual acuity. Compared with steroid monotherapy, anti-VEGF monotherapy reduced the incidence of cataracts, increased intraocular pressure, ocular hypertension, and reduced visual acuity. Compared to combined anti-VEGF + steroid treatment, anti-VEGF monotherapy reduced the incidence of ocular hypertension. The authors conclude that anti-VEGF monotherapy is more effective than steroid or combination therapy in reducing central macular thickness and improving ETDRS visual acuity.