The study investigated the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) and the risk of sepsis using analysis of genetic data from the UK Biobank. The results showed that higher levels of omega-3 PUFA, omega-6 PUFA and total PUFA were associated with a reduced risk of sepsis, with omega-3 PUFA reducing the risk by approximately 8.8% (OR: 0.912). Conversely, a higher ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 acids increased susceptibility to sepsis and mortality rates. The genetic variant rs11591147 in the PCSK9 gene has been identified as a possible mechanism by which omega-3 PUFAs protect against sepsis. Experiments in mice confirmed these findings – omega-3 PUFA or monoclonal antibody against PCSK9 reduced 7-day mortality to 26.7% to 40.0% compared to 53.3% in the control group. The authors of the conclusion recommend early detection of PUFA levels and PCSK9 genotypes with targeted nutritional supplementation as a possible way to reduce the risk of sepsis in susceptible populations.