The SURMOUNT-OSA trial included two 52-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 studies in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity.[1][4][5] Tirzepatide (10 mg or 15 mg weekly) significantly reduced the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) versus placebo, with an estimated treatment difference of −23.8 events per hour in patients with CPAP therapy and −20.0 in those without CPAP therapy at 52 weeks.[5] AHI reduction was up to 62.8%, corresponding to approximately 30 fewer breath-limiting events per hour of sleep.[4] Disease resolution (AHI <5 or AHI 5–14 with ESS ≤10) was achieved in 51.5% of participants on the highest dose of tirzepatide.[4] Secondary outcomes showed improvements in sleep apnea specific hypoxic burden (SASHB), systolic blood pressure, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, body weight (17.7% to 19.6% reduction), and patient-reported function.[1][3][5] In patients without PAP therapy, tirzepatide was approximately 5 times more effective than placebo in reducing respiratory distress (25 vs. 5 per hour).[2] The safety profile was similar to previous studies, with predominantly mild to moderate gastrointestinal side effects.[2]