The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has released a new vision aimed at preparing for future threats by improving patient care today. Through grants and contracts, the Institute supports research in the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID) to develop new medical countermeasures against bioterrorism, drug-resistant pathogens, and emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases. A Broad Agency Announcement (BAA) solicits proposals to advance the development of candidate therapeutics, vaccines and diagnostics for biodefense and emerging infectious diseases. Topic A focuses on the development of new therapeutics against serious infections from drug-resistant bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii, or fungi. Support includes the advancement of promising candidates from preclinical testing through IND submission to the FDA to the conduct of a Phase I clinical trial. Topic C aims to develop innovations for in vitro diagnostics of drug-resistant fungi, for rapid identification of infections and antifungal susceptibility profiling. Research includes lead optimization, preclinical studies, and Phase I clinical trials, supported by the FDA Animal Rule for appropriate pathogens.