The Fleming Initiative is a collaboration between Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust focused on multidisciplinary solutions to antimicrobial resistance (AMR).[1][2] The initiative brings together researchers, policymakers, clinicians, behavioral experts, and public and commercial partners.[1][2] GSK made an initial contribution of £45 million and announced six new "Grand Challenges" research programs using AI to combat AMR, including the discovery of new antibiotics for Gram-negative bacteria and drugs against fungal infections.[3][4] Other partners such as LifeArc have contributed £25m, bringing the £100m milestone to the global programme.[1] Cepheid focuses on diagnostics, screening of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, testing of acute respiratory infections and precision medicine in sepsis.[2][5] The work takes place in four directions: behavioral science, translational science, policy and public engagement, with the first center at St Mary's Hospital, London.[1][2] The initiative plans a global network of centers and collaboration with Johns Hopkins University.[6][7] According to the October 2025 WHO GLASS Report, one in six laboratory-confirmed bacterial infections is caused by resistant bacteria.[3]