Scientists at New England Biolabs (NEB®) and Yale University have developed the first fully synthetic bacteriophage engineering system for the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This bacterium is globally significant for its resistance to antibiotics. The system is enabled by the NEB High-Complexity Golden Gate Assembly (HC-GGA) platform. Researchers synthesize bacteriophages from scratch using sequence data instead of bacteriophage isolates. A study on this system was published in the journal PNAS. This approach serves to combat superbugs.