Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is critical life support for patients with severe heart and lung failure, but its use is associated with an increased risk of nosocomial infections, ranging from 8.8% to 64.0%[1][2]. The most common infections during ECMO are ventilator-associated pneumonia and bloodstream infections, which lead to increased morbidity, prolonged intensive care unit stay, and increased mortality[2][3]. Among the most common causative agents are coagulase-negative staphylococci (15.9%), Candida (12.7%) and Pseudomonas (10.5%)[1]. The risk of infection increases with the duration of ECMO support – in patients on ECMO longer than 14 days, the prevalence of infection increased to 30.3%[1]. The article highlights the need for standardized diagnostic criteria, a multicenter prospective validation study, and the development of predictive tools with artificial intelligence to improve early detection and prevention of these infections[2][3]. Improving ECMO infection control requires strict adherence to hygiene procedures, reduction of invasive device time, and reduction of antibiotic exposure[3].