From first generation to the next: evolution and research trends in iStent technology

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Source: Frontiers Medicine

Original: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1724886...

Published: 2026-01-23T00:00:00Z

The iStent series of devices is a minimally invasive trabecular bypass surgery (MIGS) that reduces intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma. The first device was approved by the US FDA in 2012, and subsequent generations have been developed to overcome previous limitations and increase the effectiveness of pressure reduction through improvements in the design and application system. Long-term and real-world data demonstrate the durability of the results of lowering intraocular pressure and reducing the need for medication with minimal complications. However, preliminary studies provide limited evidence of the success of this method in more severe forms of glaucoma and in a wider spectrum of subtypes of the disease. New ventricular outflow tract assessment techniques and intraoperative procedures may improve the accuracy and efficiency of iStent placement. Although these devices have higher initial costs, cost-effectiveness studies and patient feedback are encouraging. Combining stented MIGS with other procedures may provide greater efficacy in lowering IOP without compromising safety. With growing clinical data and incremental improvements, iStent technology remains an important part of the evolving field of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery.