Vibrio vulnificus infection is characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis, which can lead to disability or death without timely intervention. In areas with a low incidence of this infection, such as the non-coastal area in China, there is a risk of misdiagnosis and delay in treatment. The case concerns a 42-year-old man who accidentally stabbed his right hand 1 day earlier while handling seafood. The patient developed significant local redness, swelling, pain and systemic symptoms. The doctor made an accurate initial diagnosis based on the medical history and clinical manifestations. Effective combination antibiotic therapy was administered prior to bacterial culture results. Fasciotomy was performed for signs of progression of osteofascial compartment syndrome. Finally, the patient's right hand and forearm were preserved.