January is Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, which is the most common cancer among young women in Europe after breast cancer[1]. The main cause of this disease is the human papillomavirus (HPV)[1]. The European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) emphasizes that HPV vaccination combined with routine screening can prevent cervical cancer[1]. In Slovakia, the situation is serious – the mortality rate from cervical cancer is twice as high as the European Union average, with seven women dying in Slovakia out of 100,000 women, while in EU countries four women out of 100,000 women die[1]. Approximately 600 new cases are confirmed annually in Slovakia and approximately 230 women succumb to it[1]. Prevention is a free screening intended for women between the ages of 23 and 64, which consists of a PAP test performed every three years[1]. From 2026, the screening scheme will change - from the age of 35, HPV testing will be done once every five years instead of cytology every three years[5].