Researchers developed and applied a clinical-psychological training program for nursing trainees based on the ADDIE model to improve their psychological competencies in nursing. The program took place in five phases from August 1, 2023 to February 1, 2025, including an analysis of the current state of training and two rounds of expert Delphi consultations with 14 experts. The response rate to the questionnaires was 100%; mean importance scores for first-level items were 4.41 to 4.91 with coefficients of variation of 4.40–15.72%, for second-level items 3.78 to 4.93 with CVs of 4.56–19.42%. The completed program includes 6 key aspects and 7 training formats. They implemented the program in a single-group pre-intervention study on 75 trainees, where they evaluated the effectiveness using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) and a self-knowledge test. The program is scientifically based, innovative, with comprehensible content and different formats, has demonstrated significant effectiveness and has authoritative value for the clinical training of interns.