Patients with cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure (49.6%), acute myocardial infarction (20.4%) or coronary bypass (10.5%), have a high risk of hospital-acquired infections (HAI).[2][3] Between 2008 and 2015, 159,021 hospitalizations with at least one HAI were identified, with Clostridium difficile infections (75.4%), catheter-related urinary tract infections (15.1%), ventilator-associated pneumonia (7.9%), and central line blood infections (3.1%) being the most common.[2][3] Postoperative HAIs occurred in 4–4.2% of patients after cardiac surgery.[3][4] HAIs are associated with higher in-hospital mortality (13% vs. 10.4%, absolute increase 8.9%), longer length of stay (9.6 vs. 4.9 days), and higher costs ($79,227 vs. $50,699).[2][5] In patients with HAI after cardiac surgery, the mortality rate was 15.4% versus 5.7% in patients without HAI.[4] The immunosuppressed state of heart failure patients increases vulnerability to infection.[3] Infection prevention, early diagnosis and targeted treatment are key in the management of these patients.[3]