The study investigated the safety and efficacy of a topical cream containing the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus lactis in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. In a pilot trial, 13 patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis were enrolled, who used a cream with different concentrations of probiotic lysate (3, 10 and 30%) for 4 weeks. The severity of eczema, the function of the skin barrier and the impact of the disease on the patients' quality of life were measured. The results showed no significant differences between the groups treated with the probiotic cream and the placebo group in the reduction of the severity of atopic dermatitis or in the subjective feeling of the patients. However, the cream was well tolerated and no significant adverse effects occurred. The authors conclude that although the topical probiotic cream was well tolerated, it did not demonstrate efficacy in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. They emphasize the need for further placebo-controlled clinical trials to verify the potential role of topical probiotics in this diagnosis.