The study assessed knowledge about acute skin failure (ASF) among 481 doctors and nurses in intensive care units in four hospitals in Xiamen, China, using an eight-domain questionnaire. 60.5% (291/481) of participants had insufficient knowledge about ASF and 56.1% could not differentiate ASF from pressure injuries. Multivariate logistic regression showed that job category and years of experience influence the level of knowledge. Doctors had significantly lower knowledge than nurses (OR = 2.888, p = 0.017). Workers with more than 10 years of experience were less informed than younger colleagues. The findings reflect differences in training and clinical roles between physicians and nurses. The study highlights the need for interdisciplinary educational strategies to promote shared recognition of ASF.