This network meta-analysis compared the effectiveness of new teaching strategies in orthopedic education, such as problem-based learning (PBL), virtual reality (VR), video, 3D simulations, flipped classroom (FC), 3D blended PBL, FC blended team learning (TBL), and traditional lectures (LBL). It included 11 randomized controlled trials with 690 medical students or residents through December 31, 2024. Virtual reality was more effective than LBL on procedural or clinical skills (SMD = 6.88, 95% CI: 1.05–12.13). FC + TBL improved theory test scores with the highest SUCRA probability of 81.73% and increased student satisfaction (SMD = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.04–2.79), where PBL had a SUCRA of 61.53%. FC + TBL and VR are the most effective strategies to improve theoretical knowledge and clinical skills. The differences between the strategies were small. Future studies need larger samples, diverse populations, and more outcome measures.