A large American study published in The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging analyzed data from more than 1,200 adults between the ages of 65 and 79.[1] She found that 77.9% of older adults are deficient in lycopene, an antioxidant from tomatoes.[1] Seniors with an adequate intake of lycopene, at least 8,000 micrograms (8 mg) per day, had a 67% lower risk of severe periodontal disease than those with a deficiency, even after accounting for age, smoking, and education.[1] The average lycopene intake in those with severe gum disease was 3,847 mcg (about 3.8 mg) per day, a deficit of nearly 42% compared to 5,452 mcg (about 5.4 mg) in those with mild cases.[1] Periodontal disease is caused by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in response to bacterial plaque.[1] Lycopene neutralizes destructive compounds and helps reduce the inflammatory cascade that destroys gum tissue and underlying bone.[1]