The study evaluated the safety and functional effects of recombinant humanized collagen type III (rhCol III) in food toxicology. Subchronic toxicity, bacterial reverse mutation, mammalian erythrocyte micronuclei and chromosomal aberration tests were performed. None of the tests revealed toxicologically significant abnormalities, which confirms a favorable safety profile for long-term oral consumption. In a zebrafish model, rhCol III significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors. It reduced the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE), alleviated oxidative stress damage and improved indicators of skin barrier function. The results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory, anti-glycation, antioxidant and anti-aging properties of rhCol III. This research provides a scientific basis for its use in oral nutricosmetics.