A follow-up analysis of a clinical trial evaluated anti-PD-1 therapy in cancer patients living with HIV. Study provides mechanistic insight into transcriptomic changes associated with treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. It also analyzes cellular changes related to this therapy. Study identifies cytokine changes after anti-PD-1 treatment. The findings reveal a signature associated with clinical response to therapy. These changes are linked to innate antiviral functions and immune functions. The results refer to the decay of the HIV reservoir after treatment. The study was published in Nature Medicine online on February 12, 2026.