Forests regulate both global and local climates in ways that affect human well-being.[1] In addition to mitigating climate change by sequestering carbon, they contribute to adaptation by cooling the local environment, changing hydrology, and improving human health and well-being.[1] Local forests moderate temperatures by cooling in warm conditions and heating in cold ones.[1] In areas where dense forests naturally grow, trees contribute to global cooling mainly through carbon uptake, with partial compensation from heat caused by albedo changes.[1] Forests affect the hydrologic cycle by increasing precipitation capture, evapotranspiration, and cloud formation, thereby reducing the risk of flooding in humid regions, but they often reduce the availability of water in lower reaches, especially in drier climates.[1] The greatest climate benefits occur where forests are native, highlighting their importance for both adaptation and mitigation.[1] Reek et al. synthesized data on the effects of forests on temperature and hydrology, showing how these effects vary by environmental context, with implications for forest management and adaptation planning.[1]