The study examines nursing students' career commitment, career self-efficacy, and sense of calling in the context of China's one-child policy, which affects the new generation entering the workforce. These factors are changing, so it is necessary to assess their relationships and mechanisms to stabilize the nursing workforce and educate qualified professionals. A cross-sectional design was used with 693 nursing students participating in September and December 2022. Relationships between career commitment, career self-efficacy, and sense of calling differ among pediatric-only and non-infant nursing undergraduates. It is important to implement measures to improve the quality of nursing education and effective nursing management methods. These steps will ensure the stability of the nursing workforce.