In Latin America, tobacco consumption causes a large health and economic burden, affecting men in particular. Tobacco use is diverse across the region, with high prevalence in some areas and differences by income, geography and age. Countries with comprehensive implementation of the FCTC, such as Brazil and Uruguay, have seen declines in smoking, while others show slower progress. The influence of the tobacco industry and illegal trade complicate the political environment, along with limited institutional capacity and decentralized performance. The main goal remains tobacco cessation; for adults who are unable or unwilling to quit, regulated non-flammable alternatives may serve as risk-proportionate options alongside clinical support. Policies should improve access to cessation (NRT, counseling) for low-income and rural groups, with higher taxes on combustible products and lower taxes on certified less risky products. Under the FCTC, the priority is to expand cessation coverage, enforce taxes and advertising bans, and protect youth.