The study included 460 women with pathogenic BRCA variants who opted for risk-reducing bilateral mastectomy and 745 women who opted for radiographic surveillance[5]. During a follow-up of 4,652 woman-years, the annual incidence of breast cancer after mastectomy was only 0.15%, a 94% reduction compared to surveillance alone[5]. Despite the significantly lower incidence of breast cancer after surgery, breast cancer-specific survival and overall survival were similar in both groups[5]. Study results suggest that women with pathogenic BRCA variants who choose surveillance instead of surgery may not have impaired breast cancer-specific survival or overall survival[5]. The decision between mastectomy and surveillance should take into account individual patient preferences, as both options lead to similar survival outcomes[5].