The study examined the effects of prenatal balanced energy and protein supplementation on newborn health in low- and middle-income countries. The research included data from eight randomized controlled trials with a total of 10,252 pregnant women, of whom 5,164 received the supplement and 5,088 were in the control group. Prenatal supplementation reduced the risk of preterm birth with small neonates by 30%, preterm birth with low birth weight by 25%, and term birth with small neonates by 20%. In a broader categorization, supplementation resulted in a 31% reduction in the risk of preterm birth with small infants and a 12% reduction in the risk of term birth with small infants. The protective effect was stronger in women without anemia and in those who entered the study before the 20th week of pregnancy. The authors conclude that prenatal energy and protein supplementation reduces the risk of vulnerable types of newborns, but recommend further research to determine which pregnant women should be prioritized for supplementation.