The study evaluates the long-term results of nivolumab in patients with resected stage III or IV melanoma after 9 years of follow-up. Nivolumab is a PD-1 blocking monotherapy that demonstrated higher response rates than chemotherapy or ipilimumab alone and prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival versus dacarbazine in first- and second-line treatment. When compared with dacarbazine, the overall survival rate at 1 year was 72.9% (95% CI: 65.5–78.9) in the nivolumab group versus 42.1% (95% CI: 33.0–50.9), with a hazard ratio for death of 0.42 ( P < 0.001). Median progression-free survival was 5.1 months versus 2.2 months (hazard ratio 0.43; P < 0.001), objective response rate 40.0% versus 13.9%. Improvement in survival was observed in all subgroups, including patients with negative PD-L1 expression, without unexpected toxicity. The CheckMate 238 study validates nivolumab as adjuvant therapy for melanoma patients at high risk of recurrence.[3][4][7][1]