Scimitar-crested Spinosaurus species from the Sahara caps stepwise spinosaurid radiation

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Source: Science Magazine

Original: https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.adx5486?af=R...

Published: 2026-02-19T08:00:00Z

Scientists have discovered a new spinosaurid species, Spinosaurus mirabilis, in the central part of the Sahara in Nigri, at the Jenguebi site in the Cenomanian Farak Formation, about 95 million years ago.[1][2][3] This species is closely related to Spinosaurus aegyptiacus and is characterized by a tall, scimitar-shaped crest that reaches up to 50 cm in height and was probably coated with keratin.[1][2][3][4] The crest had a surface texture and vascular channels suggesting a bright color for imaging purposes.[1][2][5] Fossils have been found in river sediments, 500–1000 km from the coast, along with partial skeletons of long-necked sauropods, demonstrating an inland river environment in a forested habitat.[1][2][3] Phylogenetic analysis identifies three phases of spinosaurid evolution: a Jurassic radiation with the development of long skulls for fishing, an Early Cretaceous diversification, and a final Early Cretaceous phase with maximum body size in North Africa and South America.[2] The discovery of S. mirabilis concludes the spinosaurid radiation, which ended 95 million years ago with a sharp rise in sea level and climate change.[2] This species had teeth arranged like a fish trap, typical for fishing in shallow water.[4]