Fever associated with lung cancer is a common complication that impairs patients' quality of life. Qing-Hao-Bie-Jia Decoction (QHBJD) of traditional Chinese medicine has been used historically to treat endogenous heat caused by Yin deficiency and more recently for fever associated with lung cancer. The study consists of three parts: an analysis of ancient Chinese texts, a systematic review of case reports of QHBJD in this fever, and a case report from clinical practice with a supplemental formula derived from QHBJD. The main pathogenesis of cancer fever in lung cancer patients is "latent heat in yin", which is treated by nourishing yin and expelling heat. The pathogenesis in the case reports is complicated, but TCM practitioners promote vital qi and eliminate pathogenic factors by adding or subtracting QHBJD-based Chinese medicines. The study establishes a methodological framework combining ancient and modern evidence from case reports for future research in traditional Chinese medicine.