The US Immunization Advisory Committee voted eight to three to end the longstanding recommendation to universally vaccinate all newborns against hepatitis B immediately after birth[1][2][3]. He recommends the vaccine only for children whose mothers tested positive for hepatitis B or were not tested[1][2][4]. For other children, the parent should decide on vaccination after consultation with the doctor[1][3][4]. If the parents refuse the vaccine, the vaccination series should start at two months of age at the earliest[1][2][3]. Committee members argued the low risk of infection in most children and the lack of research into the long-term effects of the vaccine[1][4]. The American Medical Association expressed concern that the concerns are speculative and the decision will increase the number of infected children[1][4]. CDC Director Jim O'Neill[2][4] will decide whether to accept the recommendation. This represents a return to the strategy of more than 30 years ago[2][4].