The study analyzed trends in the incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in China in the population aged 0–54 years from 1992 to 2021 based on Global Burden of Disease data. During this period, there were 227,772 new cases of IBD, the total number of people affected reached 1,530,231, resulting in 29 deaths and 1,264,376 DALYs. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased by AAPC 2.23% (95% CI: 2.09–2.34%, p < 0.001) in men and by AAPC 2.24% (95% CI: 2.09–2.36%, p < 0.001) in women. Prevalence (ASPR) also increased in men by AAPC 1.65% (95% CI: 1.52–1.77%, p < 0.001) and in women by AAPC 1.55% (95% CI: 1.40–1.67%, p < 0.001). Conversely, mortality (ASMR) decreased in men by AAPC -3.41% (95% CI: -3.67 to -3.21%, p < 0.001) and in women by AAPC -5.94% (95% CI: -6.10 to -5.77%, p < 0.001), similarly DALY (ASDR) in men by AAPC -2.95% (95% CI: -3.09 to -2.80%, p < 0.001) and in women by AAPC -4.72% (95% CI: -4.86 to -4.58%, p < 0.001). Forecasts to 2030 expect a further increase in ASIR and ASPR, but a decrease in ASMR and ASDR. The conclusion emphasizes the need for prevention, early screening and improved treatment.