The study examined the effectiveness of a new surgical approach for the treatment of macular edema resulting from retinal vein occlusion and unresponsive to standard anti-VEGF therapy. The surgical procedure involved removing the vitreous of the eye (vitrectomy), removing the internal limiting membrane, and injecting a balanced salt solution directly under the retina. The study compared 19 patients divided into two groups - a surgical group and a group continuing anti-VEGF injections. The surgical group achieved a statistically significant reduction in macular thickness (222.67 μm versus 270.60 μm), indicating better anatomical improvement. The surgical group also showed a trend toward a lower rate of edema recurrence (40.0% vs. 88.9%) and a longer time to edema recurrence. Visual acuity was comparable between groups and no serious adverse events were observed. The authors conclude that this surgical procedure is safe and promising for the control of refractory edema, although they recommend further prospective studies to confirm the results.