The hospital-wide model "One bed" brings risks in interdepartmental patient care, which affects the quality of nursing and patient safety. The study used failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) to identify and improve these risks. On the basis of priority numbers (RPN), priority projects were selected and implemented to optimize the quality of nursing and patient safety. After the interventions, the RPN values for the 15 identified failure modes in interdepartmental management, interdepartmental management and beyond decreased by 39.71% to 80.42%. These changes show improvements in patient safety throughout the hospital. The "One Bed" model provides a structured approach to proactive risk identification and workflow optimization. The study offers a practical framework for other institutions to improve interdepartmental patient care.