A phase I/II study investigated the possibility of ART-free HIV remission in children infected with HIV in utero who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) within 48 hours of birth.[1][2][3] Of the 54 enrolled children, six met the criteria for analytical discontinuation (ATI): age at least 2 years, undetectable HIV-1 RNA from week 48, negative HIV-1 antibodies, undetectable HIV-1 DNA, and normal CD4 cell count.[1][2][5] The primary endpoint was ART-free remission, defined as undetectable HIV-1 RNA in plasma for 48 weeks or longer after discontinuation of ART.[1][3] Two children had early viral rebound at 3.4 and 9.4 weeks, one more at 79.3 weeks.[1][2] Four children (67%, 95% CI 22–96%) achieved ART-free remission for at least 48 weeks, with three remaining in remission at 48, 52, and 64 weeks, respectively.[1][2][5] Rebound children successfully re-suppressed the virus below the limit of detection by 6, 8 and 20 weeks after resuming ART; two experienced mild symptoms of acute retroviral syndrome that resolved.[1][3][5] The study was conducted in resource-limited countries and confirms the feasibility of early testing and ART at birth.[1][2]