The phase 2 INDIBLADE trial investigated a new treatment strategy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer that combines immunotherapy with chemoradiotherapy. Patients with stage II/III cancer first received induction treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab, which are drugs that boost the immune system. This treatment was followed by consolidating chemoradiotherapy. The main goal was to preserve the functionality of the bladder and avoid its surgical removal. Results showed bladder-free survival that was associated with clearance of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), indicating complete elimination of cancer cells. The study was presented at the 2026 ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium and published in the journal Nature Medicine.