Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with current therapies offering limited benefit for patients with advanced disease. Most patients either do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies or develop acquired resistance. Next-generation immune cell therapies – CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) – represent a promising approach for patients with lung cancer that is resistant to conventional treatment. These therapies use the patient's own immune system or engineered immune cells to directly recognize and eliminate cancer cells, potentially overcoming the tumor's immunosuppressive environment. Key challenges include tumor antigen heterogeneity, immune suppression, limited durability of therapy, and possible off-tumor side effects. Emerging strategies to improve efficacy include targeting multiple antigens, combination with checkpoint inhibition, and regional drug delivery. These next-generation immune cell therapies represent a rapidly evolving approach that may expand therapeutic options and improve survival for lung cancer patients.