Design and preliminary evaluation of a VR-based optokinetic stimuli system for vestibular rehabilitation: insights from clinical end users

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Source: Frontiers Medicine

Original: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1766706...

Published: 2026-03-04T00:00:00Z

Researchers have developed a virtual reality (VR)-based optokinetic virtual environment (OVE), modeled after a traditional optokinetic drum, for commercially available VR headsets for vestibular rehabilitation. The system was tested by ten practicing vestibular therapists with an average of 9 years of clinical experience (range 3–15 years) from October 2024 to March 2025. Therapists completed a Likert survey and semi-structured interviews, where they rated the high probability of using OVE in practice as a score of 6 to 10 (median 9, where 10 means high probability). Qualitative analysis revealed five key themes for improvements: clinical usability and setting, control and customization, immersive design and realism, output and measurement preferences, implementation barriers. Feedback is used for iterative improvements of the application focused on the user. Future studies will test the improved OVE in patients to evaluate tolerability, efficacy and usability.