Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome

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Source: NEJM

Original: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm2512031?af=R&rss=currentIssue...

Published: 2026-03-04T10:00:10Z

Trophic syndrome of the trigeminal nerve (TTS) is characterized by self-inflicted ulcerations in the area innervated by the trigeminal nerve, most often on the wing of the nose, while the tip of the nose is usually spared.[1] It is caused by damage to the central or peripheral branches of the trigeminal nerve, it was first described by neurosurgeons at the beginning of the 20th century in patients after rhizotomy of the trigeminal nerve.[1] Treatment does not have a fixed algorithm due to the small number of cases and requires a multidisciplinary approach with behavioral, pharmaceutical or surgical interventions.[1] Therapies used include gabapentin, amitriptyline, carbamazepine, transcutaneous nerve stimulation, or reconstructive surgery, but none of them have demonstrated clear superiority in randomized trials.[1] The response to treatment is generally poor and depends on the patient's cooperation in avoiding manipulation of the affected area.[1] Topical emollients and steroids are not effective.[1] In one case, the syndrome presented as Morgellon's disease with a 2-year delay in diagnosis.[2]